Role of Student in Making of Pakistan

Pakistan †an ideological state: Pakistan claims itself to lay an ideological state since it is established on a specific explicit belief system the philosophy of Islam. It appeared in light of the fact that Muslims of the Indo-Pak subcontinent built up a particular demeanor of brain and mentality which was dictated by the cognizance of specific standards or goals which they felt must be figured it out. These were the everlasting otherworldly and moral estimations of Islam. Islam gives moral bases of life to the Muslim country. To them Islam is in excess of a religion as considered in the western sense.It is in truth a total code of life which grasps social, political, monetary and social parts of human practices. Belief system of Pakistan: The philosophy of Pakistan, the staggering Muslim nation is philosophy which involves the directs and endorses which are ascribed or inclined to the Islamic idea of country and that of state. I) Muslim nationhood: As respects the Muslims, thei r premise of nationhood is neither geological limits nor social or etymological similitudes yet their religion-Islam. All Muslims are a country with no distinction.This is the main rule of Pakistan belief system on which Quaid-I-Azam requested a different country for the Muslims of the subcontinent. To Pakistan, Islam is the premise of ‘Nationalism’. II) Islamic express: The belief system of Pakistan depends on the standards and goals of Islam. Islam is the perfect for which Muslims battled and on which the goals on the recently conceived country were based. III) Ancient belief system: Ideology of Pakistan-the Islamic lifestyle isn't something life a statement that Pakistanis embraced in the morrows of their opportunity. On the nation, it is as old as Islam itself.Indeed Indo-Pakistani Muslim rose as another country since they had stood quick to this philosophy. They established another state since they had depicted to enthrone the qualities basic this belief system wit hout being checked by the control of other clashing qualities. It has been adequately justified by the verifiable realities that not withstanding a thousand years of concurrence of the two networks the Hindus and the Muslims, in the Indian subcontinent, they couldn't get symphonious, firm, was the practicality which depended on regionality.But this regionality couldn't get powerful since the Muslim people group is very surprising from the Hindu society having its own states of mind and strategies, names and terminology legends and saints, language and writing, this idea of conjunction between them even at the territorial levels couldn't demonstrate a triumph. Subsequently they began their battle for a different country based on Islamic philosophy.

Internet Of Things Perspectives Challenges -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Internet Of Things Perspectives Challenges? Anawer: Introducation In this current age, the Internet has gained the condition of pervasive by contacting each side of the world. It has been influencing the life of human from multiple points of view. The excursion never appears to end. Individuals have just entered a period which is all the more unavoidably associated with a wide assortment of electronic apparatuses that are associated with the web. Individuals are apparently entering the Internet of Things. This particular term has been meaning in various manners by various creators. Web of things can be considered as the cooperation between the advanced and physical universes. The advanced world happens to have connection with the physical world by utilizing an incredible assortment of actuators and sensors (Ansari, et al., 2015). Savvy Television: Savvy TV, additionally happen to be called as the associated TV, it has numerous new and inventive highlights, for example, the intuitive web 2.0 and the incorporated web innovation. The keen Television is altogether different structure the traditional TVs from various perspectives, for example, the new brilliant TV encourages the association with the web, media segments that are intuitive on online stages, access to home system to the client alongside additional substance, media that is gushing on-request (Bi, Da Xu Wang, 2014). Such gadgets are additionally coordinated with the gadget with outer availability, for example, the gaming supports, set up boxes, PDAs, computerized players of media, and some more. The shrewd TV encourages the clients with respect to playing different recordings and games on the stage, observing live photographs and appears and furthermore encourages the necessary offices for capacity. Utilization: The prerequisite of the shrewd TV is getting higher in the computerized promoting on account of its exceptional highlights. There is no prerequisite of making any trade off in regards to anything with the keen TV. This is on the grounds that it is exceptionally productive with respect to the capacity and downloads. It happens to work along these lines to a PC and accelerates the procedure of the exchange of the records (Borgia, 2014). Control: There is a regularly expanding request of the savvy TV simply like the advanced mobile phones as the previous has the touch screen. In any case, when the stature of the TVs is more noteworthy, it is exceptionally hard for contacting the screen. Subsequently, the producers are utilizing the new and creative techniques, for example, the Nintendo Wifi-moto and working it in a superior manner. Availability: This TV is all around associated with the innovations of long range interpersonal communication and different associations related with web. Through the help of association and association of web among the clients, it is extremely simple and advantageous to watch the TVs with no interference. Security: The savvy TV is exceptionally inclined to the assaults as pernicious assailants can advantageously hack the codes of the TV. The unapproved exercises like vindictive access will happen to cause unsettling influence in the information and will prompt breaking of the security. Protection: it is exceptionally troublesome and boisterous to keep up the security of the brilliant TV as the entrance can be hacked by outer person. The chance of losing information is likewise expanding step by step because of the expansion in the assault of infections (Borgia, 2014). Indoor regulator: It is considered as one of the pivotal parts of Internet of Things which are used in detecting the framework temperature in order to direct the temperature. Such gadgets are used in the units which are intended for cooling and warming in various applications. Use: These gadgets are utilized in the bookkeeping of the control of air and upkeep of the encompassing temperatures. These are utilized for the activity in different temperatures generally in sensors with the end goal that are bimetallic and thermistor (Botta, et al., 2014). Control: The sensors that are utilized in the control of the gadget happen to control the whole part. Traditional sensors have been modified as they expended more vitality and cash. Network: such gadgets have web association for controlling the temperature in appropriate manner. Security: There are less odds of the gadget to be hacked as the sensor is proficient in managing the gadget. Security: Most of the occasions, homes and workplaces watch an inappropriate readings of the temperatures in the indoor regulator. It should be introduced in where cooling and warming can be directed instead of setting it outside the room or on the divider (Yan, Zhang Vasilakos, 2014). Brilliant Lighting: The lighting has been concocted just for the decrease of the power cost and increment in the effectiveness of vitality. The lights may incorporate the highlights of proficiency alongside the mechanized control which depends on various variables like the accessibility (Botta, et al., 2016). Use: The shrewd lightings are utilized for the minimization of use of vitality and sparing the light by encouraging a decent guideline over the warming and cooling impacts. It permits more accommodation and solace. The shrewd lights use the characteristic light right from the sun based vitality to diminish the endeavors of the human. Control: The substitution of the battery, tangible, charging gadgets and different devises require legitimate establishment so as to guarantee successful working of the brilliant lights. Availability: The keen lighting uses the association of web for lessening the alterations of the highlights, for example, brilliance and lighting. Security: The model of the keen lighting requires to be checked in each fortnight else it prompts awful working (Fletcher, 2015). Security: The gadget will have legitimate working if the condition of capacity is appropriately kept up. Savvy: These gadgets are totally different structure the regular watch and encourage the best of the highlights over keeping a mind the time. These watches are like the smaller than usual PCs which can do the game playing capacities, running of the applications, computations and numerous things (FORWARD, 2014). Use: These watches incorporate the timetables, computerized maps alongside close to home coordinator and numerous different offices. They are exceptionally effective for the utilization of correspondence because of the use of the sensors. Control: There are not very many catches for controlling the gadget. With the impression of touch and association with the Bluetooth and different advances, they are operational. Network: These are associated with the Internet. Such gadgets are operational in a superior manner with the higher speed of Internet (Holler, et al., 2014). Security: Not a lot of innovation is conceived for the security worries of the watch. Protection: The likelihood of losing the data from the savvy is high. These happen to have less importance in contrast with different gadgets considered under Internet of Things. Keen Oven As a result of the new and imaginative innovation and devices, the innovation and highlights of the broilers are likewise modifying and clients are determining incredible arrangement of fulfillment. The settings for convection in the stove encourage the client to speed up the cooking procedure by 40 percent. Utilization: The gadgets are used to heat, toasting and numerous other cooking reasons. Each angle and highlight present in the broiler naturally modifies with one another in order to keep up the gadgets standard (Jing, et al., 2014). Control: The control of the stove totally lies in the various components that are available in the broiler alongside the accessible web association. Network: These broilers are associated with the Internet innovation and are controlled both by remote and contact. As these stoves are associated with the web association, these are fit for showing the whole cooking process which incorporates the left over cooking time and temperature (Kovatsch, Lanter Shelby, 2014). Security: there are numerous prospects of losing the control structure the temperature for the situation where the components are not balanced in an appropriate manner. Security: Innovative and trend setting innovation aids the support of the cooking temperature alongside giving of clean conditions and nourishments that are solid. Savvy Wi-Fi espresso producer: The savvy espresso producer empowers the clients to have appropriate power over the planning time of the espresso alongside the help of the Smart telephones that they are utilizing. The gadget aids arrangement of the espresso even preceding the assistance of the guidelines structure the purchaser. Utilization: This gadget helps in planning espresso inside less time which should be possible even without the guidance. This gadget is exceptionally useful as it has many included highlights (Kumar, 2015). Control: These gadgets are worked with the help of the PDAs. Network: Along with the assistance of the speed of the web association, such gadgets are very much worked. Security: the arrangement of security is exceptionally significant and high. Protection: The security is controlled until the advanced mobile phone is assumed control over some other person. The total gadget is controlled with the advanced mobile phone. Brilliant lock: These locks are the electronic locks which are intended for playing out the opening and bolting activities of the entryways in your homes. On getting the sign structure the client which coordinates the security framework conventions, the entryway happens to open. Use: These gadgets are utilized in the upkeep of the security framework in the entryways. These locks are effective for dealing with the significant occasions occurring in your home. Alongside the cryptographic keys, the procedure of execution happens in the entryways (Sheng, et al., 2013). Control: the control of the gadgets occurs with a key and lock. The lock is the physical lock while the keys are in the advanced mobile phones of the clients. Availability: The gadgets are in association with the web association that is high in speed. The total procedure of locking and opening of the entryways depend

What to Know About Nosophobia or Fear of a Disease

What to Know About Nosophobia or Fear of a Disease Phobias Types Print Nosophobia or Fear of a Disease By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on September 18, 2019 Thomas Barwick/Stone/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Nosophobia is the irrational fear of having a specific disease. The origins of the word Nosophobia come from ‘nosos’ and phobos which mean disease and fear in Greek. In recent years, nosophobia has also been referred to as cyberchondria. This stems from a lot of the information that is at the root of the fear is found in cyberspace. Risk Factors Exposure to high levels of media coverage about disease and the risks of contracting diseasesHaving suffered traumatic health problems in the pastRepeated exposure to people with serious illnesses Nosophobia appears to be more common among students and researchers who spend a great deal of time reading about specific diseases. These conditions are often called medical student’s disease. Relation to Hypochondriasis Nosophobia is related to hypochondriasis, but there are several important differences between the two conditions. The most important difference is specificity. A person with hypochondriasis has several physical symptoms that he or she fears may be caused by illness. Someone with nosophobia, however, is afraid of a specific disease and becomes convinced that he or she has the symptoms of that particular disease. However, not everyone who is afraid of getting sick or contracting a contagious illness suffers from nosophobia. Those who suffer from this phobia exhibit symptoms that can cause limitations in their lives. Illness Anxiety Disorder Many mental health specialists have termed both nosophobia and hypochondriasis as illness anxiety disorder. In fact, many people across the globe have been  diagnosed with this condition, which can become debilitating as the sufferer is convinced that he or she has contracted a certain illness. Causes Anxiety about ones health.Someone close to the nosophobic died from an incurable illness.Patients with other behavioral disorders, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, clinical depression, or obsessive compulsive disorders may be more likely to fear serious illness.Nosophobia has also been connected to cardiovascular disorders, cancer, tuberculosis, and other series diseases.Somatic amplification disorder, which is related to perception and cognition, can be a cause of nosophobia. In this situation, the nosophobic is negative to the thought of being sick.Online reading or watching television shows about incurable diseases can trigger excessive fear of becoming ill.Major disease outbreaks in the U.S. and abroad, such as the recent Ebola crisis in Africa, could spark Nosophobia in individuals. Treatment Cognitive behavioral therapy to help the nosophobic manage anxiety related to the fear of illness is often recommended. In addition to therapy, alternative techniques are also recommended. They include: MeditationPositive affirmationVisualization

Iowa Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-based Education in Iowa, the Hawkeye State 2019

Home to companies, such as Principal Financial Group and Lee Enterprises, the Hawkeye State is attracting professionals to its expansive network of Iowa colleges and universities. Iowa boasts an impressively low unemployment rate and offers numerous opportunities for career advancement. Whether pursuing online or campus-based degree programs, Iowa students have access to a world of opportunity. Top 5 Iowa Industries Provide Lucrative Career Options for Iowa University Graduates While communications, finance, and insurance industries are prevalent in Des Moines, colleges and universities across the state prepare students for a wide variety of additional Iowa career options. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Iowas top 5 industries consist of: Iowa Trade, Transportation, Utilities. Iowa Government. Iowa Manufacturing. Iowa Educational Health Services. Iowa Professional Business Services. Graduates of Iowa Universities and Colleges Enter a Strong Local Economy With one of the lowest unemployment rates in the nation, Iowa college graduates can be optimistic about finding employment. Iowa economy statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau and Department of Labor reveal: The September 2017 Iowa unemployment rate was 3. %, over a full percentage point below the national average. The 2017 Iowa gross state product was $103 billion. The 2016 2017 Iowa median household income was $45,671, on par with the national average. 1,644,100 people are employed in the state of Iowa. .u849956ee2820a29e0f7f4a3bd4d396f2 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u849956ee2820a29e0f7f4a3bd4d396f2:active, .u849956ee2820a29e0f7f4a3bd4d396f2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u849956ee2820a29e0f7f4a3bd4d396f2 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u849956ee2820a29e0f7f4a3bd4d396f2 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u849956ee2820a29e0f7f4a3bd4d396f2 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u849956ee2820a29e0f7f4a3bd4d396f2:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Getting a College Education OnlineIowa University Students Combine Campus-based and Online Learning Programs to Suit Individual Needs Iowa is home to a large network of both campus-based and online colleges and universities. Iowa working professionals are currently shaping their curriculums according to their needs with schools, such as: Ashford University Clinton College Campus and Online Programs. Kaplan University Davenport University Campus and Online Programs. University of Phoenix Des Moines School Campus and Online Programs. For a complete list of Iowa colleges and universities, students are encouraged to explore College-Pages.com, the leading education and resource website. Prospective students will also find access to informative articles about making education and career decisions in the state of Iowa. Related ArticlesNorth Dakota Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in North DakotaArizona Colleges and Universities Pursing Advanced Education in The Grand Canyon StateNevada Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Nevada, the Silver StateMontana Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Montana, the Treasure StateIllinois Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-Based Education in Illinois, The Inland EmpireUtah Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Utah, the Beehive State .u6ac6bc07ab76afd0be3af5f63439911c { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u6ac6bc07ab76afd0be3af5f63439911c:active, .u6ac6bc07ab76afd0be3af5f63439911c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u6ac6bc07ab76afd0be3af5f63439911c { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u6ac6bc07ab76afd0be3af5f63439911c .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u6ac6bc07ab76afd0be3af5f63439911c .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u6ac6bc07ab76afd0be3af5f63439911c:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Computer Science Degree Important Contributions to Society from Professionals in Computer Science

The Tragedy Of Euripides Medea - 1593 Words

Euripides’ Medea is considered, according to Aristotle’s Poetics, a tragedy. The play centers on Medea, an outsider and wife to Jason, who seeks to punish Jason for taking another wife. The play is considered a tragedy because it contains the three unities as well as the six elements of drama mentioned by Aristotle. Despite the fact that the does the play fits the criteria of what Aristotle considers tragedy, however, Medea is actually not a tragedy but tells the story about a successful revenge. In the Poetics, Aristotle has established a criteria consisting of four requirements that character must have to be considered the tragic hero. Medea, however, is not a tragic character because she does not possess two of the four requirements: goodness and correctness. Aristotle’s first requirement of goodness states: The persons wit[ have character ifin the way previousty stated their speech or their action reveals the moraI quality of some choice, and good character i f a good choice (Aristotle 130). Having a â€Å"good† character will allow provoke pity and fear in a tragedy. Medea however does not possess the â€Å"good† quality. She does not express it through the course of the play in her actions. In the opening of the play, the nurse makes it known that she wished that â€Å"the Argo never had set sail (1) which indicates the idea that the only time Medea was possibly good is before Jason set sail â€Å"to seek the golden pelt for Pelias† (6-7). Medea fell in love with him and because of itShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Medea By Euripides1968 Words   |  8 PagesThe characters in Medea by Euripides have no free will; the gods control all. Consequently, the concept, â€Å"Divine Double Bind,† described by the author Ruth Padel in Whom Gods Destroy as â€Å"Divinity issues prohibitions (do not kill your mother), forces you to break them, then punishes you for doing so† (215) explains perfectly the actions and ultimate fates of Medea, Jason, King Creon and his daughter, the chorus leader, and the two sons. Many of Medea’s actions, which offend the gods, and the subsequentRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Medea By Euripides1970 Words   |  8 PagesMedea The characters in Medea by Euripides have no free will; the gods control all. Consequently, the concept, â€Å"Divine Double Bind,† described by the author Ruth Padel in Whom Gods Destroy as â€Å"Divinity issues prohibitions (do not kill your mother), forces you to break them, then punishes you for doing so† (215) explains perfectly the actions and ultimate fates of Medea, Jason, King Creon and his daughter, the chorus leader, and the two sons. Many of Medea’s actions, which offend the gods, andRead MoreGreek Tragedy By Euripides Medea1646 Words   |  7 Pages Discuss the ways Greek tragedy authors addressed such topics as duty, honor, kingship, gender roles, and the other. Greek tragedy authors tend to use their writings as a means of social, political, and religious commentary. Both of the authors we read of, use their characters and the storyline development to test their reader’s moral boundaries. On the one hand, Euripides’ Medea emphasizes Greek thoughts concerning foreigners, and denounces Athenian social bases through his character’s traitsRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of Medea By Euripides1844 Words   |  8 PagesIn  Medea  by Euripides, an unfortunate tragedy arose from devastating circumstances, centralizing around intense grief and rage. In the center of the horrific situation was Medea, who was the daughter of King Aeetes. She was the former wife of Jason, until he decided to abandon his family and duties as the head of the household by marrying Glauce, the Princess of Corinth. She murdered her children, Glauce, and Creon, the King of Corinth to satiate her overwhelming lust for blood and revenge. UndeniablyRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Euripides Medea And Ovid s Metamorphoses, Medea, And Juno898 Words   |  4 Pagespain they have caused. In Euripides’ Medea and Ovid’s’ Metamorphoses, Medea and Juno exhibit vengeance to defend th eir dignity. Primary Source In Euripides’ Medea, Medea is very furious because Juno left her and her children to remarry the princess. Medea does not accept the betrayal and demands punishment for leaving her after all she has done for him. Creon is aware â€Å"I’m afraid of you. You could hurt my daughter, even kill her. Every indication points that way†(793). Medea knew she was going to exileRead MoreEvaluation of Euripides Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluation of Euripides Euripides has met the conventions of Attic Tragedy up to a particular extent. Although he was often criticised for his work, he followed the structure and cycles of the traditional tragedy. However, his stance on the themes and ideas set him apart from the other writers. It is unreasonable to compare Euripides with the traditional writers of Attic tragedy without understandingRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Medea By Sophocles1611 Words   |  7 Pagesnecessary for a top-notch tragedy. While these norms may seem to be easily understood through the reading of Aristotle’s fine-tuned poetics, there is a different understanding that needs to be interpreted to truly grasp the significance and qualifications that makeup a good tragedy. Of the many tragedies that Euripides provides us with, I chose the tragedy of Medea to further analyze, and present a strong argument for why I think Aristotle would find Medea a top-notch tragedy. According to AristotleRead MoreMedea Character Analysis917 Words   |  4 PagesHow would you judge Jason for his betrayal of Medea, and Medea for the killing of their children? Explain why. My judgement for this particular issue is not primarily based on the actions of Medea killing her children, since that in my opinion is an unforgivable act, yet there is a sense of pity evoked within the complexity Medea’s character. Essentially, Medea had given up everything she had for Jason. Manipulated by Aphrodite and Hera in both the heart and mind to believe her feelings to be trueRead MoreAnalysis Of Euripides The Play Medea 1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Greek playwright Euripides, who lived from 480 BC to 406 BC, had four victories as a Tragedian. A third of the â€Å"Big Three† of tragedians, Euripides was, in his time, less successful than both Aeschylus and Sophocles, who had 13 and 20 victories. Euripides’ writing was drastically different from that of the others. While playwrights like Sophocles wrote characters the way they should be ideally, Euripides wrote his characters truthfully and portrayed people as compassionate and cruel and complic atedRead More Love and Deception in Medea, by Euripides Essay507 Words   |  3 PagesLove and Deception in Medea, by Euripides There are many pieces of literature that may entail more than one theme throughout the story. The tragedy, Medea, by Euripides is very good example of this. Throughout this story, the themes of betrayal and love, revenge, and women’s rights arise. Euripides brings these points up to help the reader to realize that women are powerful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Betrayal is a very important theme throughout this story. Her husband Jason betrays Medea, when he abandons her

Niccolo Machiavelli About Liberal Countries Free Essays

Italian philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli in Chapter V of his writing speculates upon political backgrounds of governing the empires and expresses his opinion about the most effective way to rule such parts of the empire, which previously were living under own system of laws and regulations. In Machiavelli’s opinion, the best political strategy to govern such principalities or cities would be establishing the system of strict control of the ruler and making new colonies obey the laws which were already existing in the empire. In case if by some reason it is impossible to hold the new colonies in bondage, the best and the safest way, according to Machiavelli, would be destroying such former liberal regions. We will write a custom essay sample on Niccolo Machiavelli: About Liberal Countries or any similar topic only for you Order Now He supports this idea with a number of specific historical examples that illustrate the truthfulness of his hypothesis. Ancient city of Sparta gained control of several colonies, including the cities of Thebes and Athens, but could not dominate there for some long period of time and eventually lost these cities, because the old order and laws were not abolished. However, the Roman Empire was following another tactic: in such colonies of the Romans as Numantia, Capua and Carthage the old system of laws and social order were dismantled and new regions were totally placed under the command of the Emperor. That is how the Romans succeeded in keeping those colonies under control for centuries. According to Machiavelli, this phenomenon can be explained by the necessity to suppress liberal thoughts and love to freedom of newly acquired colonies, because otherwise the spirit of liberty will cause the attempts to obtain independence or revenge. The philosopher also points on some advantages and benefits of being governed by some ruler for the colonies. First of all, the experienced head of the empire can establish political and economic order in a colony much easier and more effectively. Besides, the ruler can provide higher national security and protect the nation from possible civil misunderstandings, rebellions or military attacks, and so on. How to cite Niccolo Machiavelli: About Liberal Countries, Essay examples

Niccolo Machiavelli About Liberal Countries Free Essays

Italian philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli in Chapter V of his writing speculates upon political backgrounds of governing the empires and expresses his opinion about the most effective way to rule such parts of the empire, which previously were living under own system of laws and regulations. In Machiavelli’s opinion, the best political strategy to govern such principalities or cities would be establishing the system of strict control of the ruler and making new colonies obey the laws which were already existing in the empire. In case if by some reason it is impossible to hold the new colonies in bondage, the best and the safest way, according to Machiavelli, would be destroying such former liberal regions. We will write a custom essay sample on Niccolo Machiavelli: About Liberal Countries or any similar topic only for you Order Now He supports this idea with a number of specific historical examples that illustrate the truthfulness of his hypothesis. Ancient city of Sparta gained control of several colonies, including the cities of Thebes and Athens, but could not dominate there for some long period of time and eventually lost these cities, because the old order and laws were not abolished. However, the Roman Empire was following another tactic: in such colonies of the Romans as Numantia, Capua and Carthage the old system of laws and social order were dismantled and new regions were totally placed under the command of the Emperor. That is how the Romans succeeded in keeping those colonies under control for centuries. According to Machiavelli, this phenomenon can be explained by the necessity to suppress liberal thoughts and love to freedom of newly acquired colonies, because otherwise the spirit of liberty will cause the attempts to obtain independence or revenge. The philosopher also points on some advantages and benefits of being governed by some ruler for the colonies. First of all, the experienced head of the empire can establish political and economic order in a colony much easier and more effectively. Besides, the ruler can provide higher national security and protect the nation from possible civil misunderstandings, rebellions or military attacks, and so on. How to cite Niccolo Machiavelli: About Liberal Countries, Essay examples

Consumer Behavior and Analysis of Dell-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behavior and Analysis of Dell. Answer: Service Overview Dell, started in 1984,has established itself as a pioneer of the era of technological innovation and providing the customers with the most competitive pricing products options equipped with flexible customization options. Dell has striven to introduce some of the most groundbreaking and innovative ways of creating a niche in a market. For instance, it has plans to create waste free packaging, generate a large scale waste recycling facility and bringing in resources to produce resource efficient packaging for its products. Innovation wise, Oracle 10g grid on Linux is the greatest success that the company has witnessed success in the field of catering customers with technology and revolution. The users are bestowed with amazing features like zero system failures or outrages, sustainable performance and reliable products. Over the years, Dell has situated itself in a well-esteemed position in the field of networking and business expansion. Dell is a market oriented company which focuses on catering to the customers needs and produce the products in such a fashion so as it synchronizes with the demands of customers. They have done excellent so far with the help of a strategic assessment of consumer psychology and demand pattern, consequently fostering a harmonious relationship with their customers. One of the awe-inspiring products of Dell has to be the Latitude 7000 which has a detachable keyboard fashioned for the students and corporate employees to carry their tablet without any hurdles. It has witnessed a market growth of 46 percent annually. Critical Analysis Consumer decision buying process Consumer has the buying power which denotes the systematic pattern of purchasing a thing which furthermore enumerate a number of stages that influence the same. Need recognition, consideration of available alternatives, purchase design, a thorough evaluation of the product, choice of the product are some of the factors that have a say in influencing peoples buying pattern. Buying process basically entails the decision behind the purchase of any good or availing service. Desire and interest of the consumer to identify with the product is crucial in order to increase consumer involvement (Chander and Raza 2015). The same can be influenced by the aesthetic and utilitarian pleasure surrounding the product. Understanding the consumer needs is absolutely necessary in order to make the product desirable to them and trigger the recognition of the needs for the particular product. Advertising of the product through differentiating the product from its rival competitors is an effective way of making the consumer come in terms with their need for the product. Dell has taken the initiative of promoting the product internally, within the organization and encouraging the employees for sharing their feedback so that the product can increase its appeal amidst a wider section of customers. Dell has used mediums like website advertising and consumer ratings. Dells marketing strategies have however failed at product differentiation and customers have chosen comparatively cheaper products like Lenovo and Compaq (Kotler 2015.). It has weaken customer involvement which has failed to make them choose the product for hedonistic or utilitarian purposes. The existence of a number of alternative has made the customer choose other products after weighing the pros and cons. In this case, Dell has failed to compete with Lenovos product design, price and brand image that Lenovo has created. Personal Influences: This consists of the information regarding the product in ways such as it affects the way buyer evaluates the product. The same is important to ensure that the individual is identifying with the product that would prompt him/her in buying it. Individuals may emphasize more on the price than the design, or vice versa which can influence the buying choice (Solomon et al. 2014). According to market analysis of 2017, Dell has been unexpectedly beaten by Lenovo and Apple mainly due to product innovation and appeal. The project evaluation sector includes the size, features and the like. Dell in this aspect is lagging behind Acer and Apple who have continuously striven to introduce new features in their products like magnesium-alloy surface and glass touchpad. Post purchase evaluation: It is when the customers assess the overall qualities of their newly purchased product (Solomon et al. 2014). Buyers remorse is one of the things that Dell has tried to prevent by acquiring strategies like third party validation, like promoting positive customer reviews in websites although product differentiation is still an issue with Dells advertising. Consumer behavior and its understanding is not an easy phenomena as it is rooted deep inside the consumers mind. Social, psychological, cultural and individual factors help marketers to study current consumer behavioral pattern and analyze future trends. Social Factors: Family, references and individuals status are worth considering important in social factors (Zhang and Benyoucef 2016). These influences are significant when one considers why an individual will choose Dell over Hp or Lenovo. Social factors play a convincing role and the buying tendency is also dependent on the role that an individual plays in the society. Dell has failed to update itself based on the expectancies of foreign market like Acer and Samsung have. Personal Factors: Buyers age, profession, financial situation and lifestyle fall under this category and analyzing the consumers lifestyle can give a brief idea about their preferences. Today the brands have developed character traits so as to align them with the customers, for instance customers who are tech savvy and desire to remain up-to-dated have chosen Apple over Dell laptops. Mac was given first preference by those who preferred sophistication over cost-effectiveness. Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon was considered the best business laptop because of its excellent battery backup which lets working people carry out their important meetings over laptops even without carrying a charger. Dell XPS 13 was left behind mainly because of the poor webcam quality. Psychological Factors: Buyers motivation, perception and beliefs control their buying pattern. Products are inherently a symbol of status in the society and therefore while for some Dell laptop could be the perfect pocket-friendly innovative model, but customers who are more inclined towards the aesthetic features of a product will choose Apple Macbook Pro, Asus Zenbook or LG Gram. Cultural Factors: The basic arrays of shared values and wants that initiate buying choice have a huge role to play in regulating the sales of laptops. Culture is further divided between sub-culture and social class where sub-culture is shaped by nation, rare and geographic location. Social class includes the income rate and both these factors apart from influencing the sales can also affect how an individual is receiving the advertising of a particular product. To become compatible with these factors Dell should come up with products that would satisfy a customers class, occupation, background and patterns of media usage and shopping behavior to increase product sale. Current Marketing Strategy Dells marketing strategy is influenced by a couple of factors like psychographics and demographics. Dell believes in being geographically reachable to its customers and has therefore established market in some of the developed economies of the world, Ireland, China etc. although dell is facing stiff competition from brands like Hewlett, Packard and Lenovo, customers have responded well to Dells web-enabled infrastructure that gives room for customization. The e-commerce of Dell is its strongest competitive advantage that has helped them to function in the market complying with the demands and preferences of the customers. Dells products are segregated according to the class and economic scenario of the customers, which gets a clear representation through Dells sales and marketing. Their current marketing strategy involves a straight-forward interaction with the customers. In fact, in 2007 Dell implemented its long impending decision to sell its Inspiron notebooks through Wal-Marts Sa ms Club outlets (Moncrief, Marshall and Rudd 2015). After tumbling down the line and facing stiff competition from Lenovo, as itstarted to base its marketing strategy by splitting the customers into two clear distinctions- business and individual customers. As a result, this has immensely helped them in product innovation and customization. However, recently Dells poor marketing strategy has shown lapses in making the product innovative and attractive from its rival competitors that have gained entry into the market and created a niche for itself. It is in fact the driving force behind Dells success is dependent. Dells outsourcing strategy has created a fragmented supply chain management and making room for new competitors. It is therefore that leading electronic companies like Apple and Google have limited outsourcing which allows them to keep their innovative features and design internal, improving product differentiation (Kumar et al. 2016). As far as the current marketing strategy is concerned, Dells major failure is to differentiate its products stem from outsourcing. Dell has recurrently failed to address these issues while creating marketing strategy and as a result had witnessed a decline in market. Strategic Recommendations for Dell Innovative Marketing Strategy- the purpose of re-creating marketing strategy is to ensure better branding. Branding is a culmination of name, symbol or design which can accentuate the popularity of the product and differentiate them from immediate competitors (Harashima 2017). For a better marketing strategy Dell should put ideas that would justify the product price to the customers. Dell should do the same in the language that would have wide access in the wider section, for instance the usage of lucid language will make the product appealing even to those customers who are not as tech savvy as the others. Unnecessary jargon in the language can make the features look chaotic and can affect those sections of the society who do not have in-depth knowledge regarding laptops and functioning. Social Media as a viable Platform- the generation is hugely dependent on social media when it comes to gathering opinion about a commodity or changing their pre-existing notions regarding the same. Putting the innovative products on the forefront like on the web forums with the help of bloggers can help Dell access to a section of consumers like students, marketing professionals and personal bloggers. Advertising through magazines, television sets or billboards can miss out those sections of society who are use social media platforms for the better part of day (Sirgy 2015). Dell can use Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to engage customers, introduce and familiarize them with innovative features and shape their awareness. One of the apparent advantages of using social media as a tool is that it can help Dell to connect up with customers, increase online traffic and analyzing customer psychology. The online viewers can be most effectively converted into potential customers in this way. Dell can create a conversation on the social media platform rather than blindly following the age-old technique of promoting a product (Luo et al. 2017). Increase of Retail Locations-Dells immediate focus should be on location-based marketing that would help them to reach out to more number of customers, assess their buying patterns, and know in-depth about the exiting customers. Location based marketing can also help Dell to create a new customer base with the strategic administration of innovative product features and therefore convert their buying impulse to sales. Another most important aspect of setting up more retail locations is an efficient regulation of buying remorse, by being more responsive and accessible to them (Birkin, Clarke and Clarke 2017). As it is the buyer need information, product efficiency to ensure that their post purchase product evaluation is not full of regrets. Location-based services can furthermore gain Dell an appreciating position on the internet search results, and influence the consumers in a most significant way. Segmentation and Targeting of Customers-Segmentation, targeting and positioning the products can help in the overall growth structure of Dell (Cross, Belich and Rudelius 2015). With the wise use of customer segmentation and product innovation and differentiation, Dell can come up with interesting features in their notebooks, desktops or laptops. Pricing of the product should be done n compliance with the demographic status of the customers, the income patter and education of the customers. The main strategy of Dell should be to produce low priced products while at the same time maintaining the profit scale of the company. A smooth relationship with its suppliers will help Dell with market benefits and a steady supply of products to the customers (Christopher 2016). Segmentation will help Dell understating behavioral patterns in order to spot customers wants that can be satiated by the brand Dell. The laptops needs a better implementation of important customer-friendly features like s leek models weighting low, improving color gamut and a well responsive touch bar Reference List: Birkin, M., Clarke, G. and Clarke, M., 2017. Retail location planning in an era of multi-channel growth. Routledge. Chander, S. and Raza, M., 2015. Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Comparative Study of Male and Female Users of Electronics. Abasyn University Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1). Christopher, M., 2016. Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Cross, J.C., Belich, T.J. and Rudelius, W., 2015. How marketing managers use market segmentation: An exploratory study. In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 531-536). Springer, Cham. Cui, G., 2015. Ethical issues in ethnic segmentation and target marketing. In Proceedings of the 1998 Multicultural Marketing Conference (pp. 87-91). Springer, Cham. Durmaz, Y., 2014. The impact of psychological factors on consumer buying behavior and an empirical application in Turkey. Harashima, T., 2017. The Mechanism behind Product Differentiation: An Economic Model. Hudson, S., Roth, M.S., Madden, T.J. and Hudson, R., 2015. The effects of social media on emotions, brand relationship quality, and word of mouth: An empirical study of music festival attendees. Tourism Management, 47, pp.68-76. Kotler, P., 2015. Framework for marketing management. Pearson Education India. Kumar, M., Batra, R., Seifert, C. and Brei, D., 2016. Aesthetic principles of product form and cognitive appraisals: Predicting emotional responses to beauty. The psychology of design:Creating consumer appeal, pp.234-251. Luo, X., Gu, B., Zhang, J. and Phang, C.W., 2017. EXPERT BLOGS AND CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS OF COMPETING BRANDS. MIS Quarterly, 41(2). Mittal, B., 2015. Self-concept clarity: Exploring its role in consumer behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology, 46, pp.98-110. Moncrief, W.C., Marshall, G.W. and Rudd, J.M., 2015. Social media and related technology: Drivers of change in managing the contemporary sales force. Business Horizons, 58(1), pp.45-55. Nagurney, A. and Li, D., 2015. A supply chain network game theory model with product differentiation, outsourcing of production and distribution, and quality and price competition. Annals of Operations Research, 226(1), pp.479-503. Ozer, L. and Gultekin, B., 2015. Pre-and post-purchase stage in impulse buying: The role of mood and satisfaction. Journal of retailing and consumer services, 22, pp.71-76. Sirgy, M.J., 2015. Self-image/product-image congruity and advertising strategy. In Proceedings of the 1982 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) annual conference (pp. 129-133). Springer, Cham. Solomon, M.R., Dahl, D.W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J.L. and Polegato, R., 2014. Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (Vol. 10). Pearson. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2017. Social media marketing. Sage. Rani, P., 2014. Factors influencing consumer behaviour. International journal of current research and academic review, 2(9), pp.52-61. Wee, C.S., Ariff, M.S.B.M., Zakuan, N., Tajudin, M.N.M., Ismail, K. and Ishak, N., 2014. Consumers perception, purchase intention and actual purchase behavior of organic food products. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 3(2), p.378. Zhang, K.Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2016. Consumer behavior in social commerce: A literature review. Decision Support Systems, 86, pp.95-108.

Rhetorical Strategy Commercial Essay free essay sample

Commercials are not always just informative, some convey a message so strong it leaves you thinking about it when it’s over. Most people could care less about watching commercials and would consider them a waste of time, but an opposite handful comes to find them interesting and useful. Many commercials target certain audiences, having the ability to draw the viewers in closer and closer wishing that it were never over. The Guinness Basketball Commercial of 2013 was a top-viewed ad around the nation for it is something that you do not see everyday. When watching this commercial rhetorically, you see things that many normal viewers would not and how well directed this piece of work really is. The Guinness Basketball Commercial exemplifies the aspects of Pathos and Ethos, delivering a inspirational message nationwide through the use of dedication, loyalty, and friendship. This commercial demonstrates dedication, giving up one’s own time to better off a friend that they care about. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Strategy Commercial Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the video, nine normal men play wheelchair basketball with their friend who is disabled and cannot enjoy the same experiences they are able to. This is very powerful because you are able to extract the fact that there is not a shot these men would be playing like this if their other friend did not have the ability to walk. Using the rhetoric concept of pathos, the audience is drawn into a state of inspiration and feels what the disabled character has to go through. When they stop playing, the other nine men stand holding the door open for their friend and exit the gym. This makes the audience feel the entitlement of respect for the players who give up their legs just to make their buddy feel included. The disabled man is filled with joy that he has a group of friends who are willing to do anything to make him feel a part of something. This is shown by his positive body language and reactions. The end of the commercial is composed of them going out for a drink after a hard fought, while fun game of basketball. The director is easily able to connect to the focused audience making them want to watch it over and over again, creating more success for the commercial. All in All, through dedication the commercial is titled as one of the most inspiring and most watched ad in 2013. The commercial also delivers a strong message through the use of loyalty for one another. This commercial connected to me especially because I have the type of friends where I know they would do the same for me if I were in a situation like this. While watching this ad, the audience does not know that the other players are able to walk. When finding out, you are given a feeling of happiness and awe not expecting this would be the outcome. This video really captures the element of pathos to make sure the audience stays focused on the commercial with the competitive gameplay and inspiring music in the background. Faithfulness is enticed throughout the entire commercial because even if they were all disabled, it is clear that this group of friends would stick together through any obstacles thrown their way. Even though the commercial does not give away the message of loyalty right away, you can still see glimpses of devotion between the characters and how much they care for each other. After all that is the meaning of being loyal, having someone’s back no matter how bad the outcome looks. This commercial is intended for a more specific audience rather than the general public. Mainly for those who have a good friend that cannot share the things that they are able to do and are willing to help them out. It may even be for those who do have a problem or disability who want to experience activities others can. The possibilities are endless and loyalty is a major characteristic played in the creation of this commercial. Lastly, this commercial is based off the sole purpose of friendship and what it means to be a good friend. While watching you can already tell this group of guys are comfortable with each other and have a strong bond. But when the defining moment comes and you see them stand, the audience is mind blown and friendship becomes an understatement. Sympathy is given to the character in the wheelchair, but at the same time an emotion of jealousy is also exposed towards him for having such a solid gang that cares and loves him. This makes the viewers start to ask themselves, do I have the type of friends that would do the same for me? That one final scene of them sitting around the table and having a beer, defines pathos the most. You see so many other videos and photos of men talking and smiling drinking a beer, it almost acts as a universal definition of the term friendship. The beautiful thing about this commercial is that it is very rare. You don’t hear of everyday situations like this one happening, so it makes it that much more special adding inspiration. And for those that are caught in a situation like this, words cannot even describe how much this ad must have meant to them. Even though many people are not affected or can relate to themselves to this commercial, it gives a sense of hope that there is still good in this world and true friendship still exists. This ad also embeds the rhetoric concept of ethos to tie in credibility along with the amount of pathos that was used. By using a well-known and prestigious beer commercial, the video becomes extremely credible and valid. The audience is put on their feet wondering what will happen next in the commercial which makes it a successful commercial kicking out any previous thoughts they may have had before viewing the short advertisement. You are able to tell that the director put a lot of thought and did a very well job in the creation of this commercial. No one likes watching commercials, but after seeing ones like this, it send chills down your spine making you crave for more. The commercial states, â€Å"The choices we make, reveal the true nature of our character†, and it could not have been said any better with the emphasis on dedication, loyalty, and friendship.

Born Into Brothels Essay Example

Born Into Brothels Essay Example Born Into Brothels Paper Born Into Brothels Paper Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman’s â€Å"Born into Brothels† is a lengthy documentary that shows lives of seven children growing up in the squalid red light district of Sonagchi, Calcutta. Briski and Kauffman focus on the everyday lives of these children which include: drug addiction, abuse and beatings, rage and apathy that perpetuate their misery. â€Å"Born into Brothels† by Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman, is a documentary that is overflowing with symbolism. Photography is exposed throughout the documentary; the role of photography is to portray the opportunity that has been granted to these children for them to express themselves. The painting they would engage in was a way for these children to express their emotions through the paintings; Avijit was quoted when he said â€Å"I like to draw pictures because I want to express what’s on my mind†¦ I want to put my thought into colors. † Photography and painting was these children’s only way to express their true inner feelings; and that is why it is emphasized throughout the documentary. Briski symbolizes the children’s escape from the Brothels, a brighter future, and the only way out of their misery. Tone sets the mood in every movie, documentary, book, poem, etc. â€Å"Born into brothels† expresses a hopeless tone, because these children feel so loveless, bleak, and so many emotions that are portrayed in the documentary that break the heart of the viewer. Lack of hope is not only captured by the viewer, but also expressed by these children. â€Å"There is nothing called hope in my future† said Avijit, this makes the viewer feel sympathetic but at the same time hopeless; hopeless because one wants to reach out and find hope in the future of the children such as Avijit but cannot. Sympathy is also a tone that is also depicted in the documentary as you see the depiction of overpopulation, deteriorating environment and crowded living conditions. The symbolism portrayed in the documentary can be compared to educators, because both bring hope in the lives of children. Educators play the same role that Briski, photography and painting played in the lives of these children in the Brothels. Educators bring hope, faith, a brighter future, and a second chance for many; which is what Briski represents in â€Å"Born into Brothels†. Without Briski, these children would have never found a way to xpress there pain, misery and sorrow; without educators we cannot grow, expand our knowledge, and we too would be hopeless. â€Å"Born into Brothels† is a documentary that stepped out of the norm, and truly expressed what life in the brothels is about. Briski’s courage helped mold and empower many of her photography prodigys. One of the greatests strength Brisk i had was her willingness to follow in the path that the project might have taken her. Briski embraces her subjects with sober, practical, optimism, the kind that heals even if it did not fix everything it desired to.

The Increased Use of Digital Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Increased Use of Digital Technology - Essay Example These are few of the examples of a revolution that have taken place and given the modern times a totally new appearance. Portability and on the go access has been the order of the day. Twenty years back the world was entering into a phase where computers were a new trend in the commercial world, only mainframe and giant computers existed that were accessible only to the defence departments and scientists. Those were the days that set the foundation for modern day progress and enabled a progressive present. A few megabytes hard disk was considered an achievement, even the technology proponent Bill Gates was misled by his assumptions and stated that â€Å"640 k of memory would be above the suffice level of needs of common person†(Lee, pg 182, 2006). Globalization is another term that aptly fits in this situation; it has made the entire universe a family and the world is a global village now, people are exploring all those dimensions that were never possible before. Today most of the cafes in towns, airports, subway stations have Wi-Fi and other means of internet available that enables staying in touch with people even when on the go, hence digital emergence has contributed towards constant contact and sources of communications in modern times(Wells, et al., 2001). Use of computers gave rise to the internet which in true sense revolutionized the modern times and enabled achieving all that which were once limited to fantasies and wishes list. This was further followed by the introduction of wireless spectrum that totally eliminated the concept of wired communications. Wireless mode meant more ubiquity and less hassle.

Contemporary State of the Domestic Violence Issue Research Paper

Contemporary State of the Domestic Violence Issue - Research Paper Example The client has a history of the specific abuse, both at the hand of her father in the initial years of her life, and now at the hand of her husband and his family. The client has been married for 13 years and has been living with her family in slums and ghetto regions of the cities in rented and government-funded housing. The family has been shifting houses every 8 to 10 months due to their changing financial situation and the constraints government-funded schemes for the homeless in the cities. The diagnosis that has been made till now regarding the predicament faced by the client is that the environment in which the client resides as well as the current financial position and the homeless state of the client and her family have aggravated the issue of domestic abuse. The client does have history regarding being a victim of domestic abuse from her childhood as well. The client is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder due to the repeated domestic abuse. Domestic abuse is one of the many forms in which women are exploited in modern society and cultures by their families and husbands. There exist various different forms of domestic violence which can include sexual, emotional as well as violence in terms of intimidation, stalking, threats, and economic deprivation. This is one of the passive forms of abuse of women which often goes unreported due to the submissive and lack of confidence and resources available to the victims of domestic abuse. Domestic abuse was actively targeted and received attention on the 1970s with the movements for women's rights. Research and findings from studies regarding domestic violence have indicated that "around the world, at least one in every three women has been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused during her lifetime and nearly one-third of American women (31 percent) report being physically or sexually abused by a husband or boyfriend at some point in their lives, according to a 1998 Commonwealth Fund survey. Nearly 25 percent of American women report being raped and/or physically assaulted by a current or former spouse, cohabiting partner, or date at some time in their lifetime, according to the National Violence Against Women Survey, conducted from November 1995 to May 1996." ('Domestic Violence is a Serious Widespread Social Problem in America: The Facts', 2008).

Cloning in Plants And Animals

Cloning in Plants And Animals What is cloning? Cloning is a process carried out in a laboratory by which a genetically identical organism can be made through non-sexual means. How it started? In February 1997, when embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at Roslin Institute in Scotland were able to clone a lamb, named Dolly. Who are cloned? Both plants and animals can be cloned. Plant Cloning is an ancient form of producing desired outcomes in plant species. Animal Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced from a single cell taken from the parent organism and in a genetically identical manner. This simply means the cloned animal is an exact duplicate in every way of its parent; it has the same and exact DNA. What does it involve? For different purposes there exist different extents of cloning such a molecular cloning; the process of making multiple molecules, cellular cloning, which can be further divided into unicellular cloning; in which you derive a population of cells from a single c ell, and Cloning in stem cell research; used to create embryos for research or therapeutic purposes, and the most complex type of cloning is organism cloning; it refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. Is cloning advantageous or disadvantageous? Cloning has both advantages and disadvantages to human beings. Advantages may include the creation of human beings that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases. Disadvantages may include the lack of diversity of organisms and the hindrance of evolution. Why clone, and why not to clone? The ethics of cloning has become a great issue. Scientifically speaking, cloning can be the solution to problems associated with organ transplants that can benefit human health, and can also help in great yield production of healthy crops. But, ethically speaking the bible states that a new individual should be born from a husband (which provides the sperm) and a wife (which provides the egg), therefore by cloning one will blunder the world of God for it involves asexual reproduction of organisms. Cloning has indeed been the subject of scientific experiments for years but it was first known to be successful in 1997 when, after about 277 eggs used, the first cloned mammal Dolly was born. In the United States, the human consumption of meat and other products from cloned animals was approved by the FDA on December 28, 2006, with no special labeling required. CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE Cloning can have slightly different meanings depending of the specific field one is studying. In general Biology cloning refers to the process of production of similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occur in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. In Biotechnology cloning refers to the process used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms. Cloning has two main branches. They are Plant Cloning and Animal Cloning. Plant Cloning is an ancient form of producing desired outcomes in plant species. For farmers plant cloning is used to duplicate the success of good plants, and rich crops with very high yields. Plant cloning is easier than using seeds to generate new plants because the duplication of desired genes is rapid and the grower knows the type and quality of plant he would be growing since the new plant can be created from just a twig. Animal Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced fr om a single cell taken from the parent organism. This new organism is genetically identical; the exact duplicate in every way including DNA, to the parent organism. Animal cloning can be done both for reproductive and non-reproductive or therapeutic purposes. In the second case, cloning is done to produce stem cells or other such cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes, for example, for healing or recreating damaged organs. Cloning can happen both naturally and in the lab. Natural forms of cloning can include asexual reproduction in certain organisms such as bacteria and also in the development of twins from a single fertilized egg. Cloning can be done in the labs; an example would be the process of nuclear transfer of embryonic cells which leads to the production of cloned mammals. Cloning is divided into three major compartments, they are; molecular cloning, cellular cloning, and organism cloning. Molecular Cloning is the process of making multiple molecules. It is used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but can be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequence and randomly fragmented DNA. It is used for biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production. Cellular Cloning has two subgroups; unicellular cloning and cloning in stem cell research. Unicellular cloning occurs in organisms such as bacteria and yeast; these processes are simple and only require inoculation of the appropriate medium for them to derive a population of cells from a single cell. For stem cell research, Somatic-cell nuclear transfer is  used to create embryos for the research and therapeutic purposes. This is called research cloning and its goal is to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases such as Diabetes and Alzheimers. Organism Cloning refers to the procedure of asexually creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. Successful animal cloning, in particular cloning from an adult animal, one knows exactly how the clone is going to turn out. This becomes especially useful when the whole intention behind cloning is to save a certain endangered species from becoming totally extinct. ACTUAL PROCESS Animals: Molecular Cloning which is the cloning of any DNA fragment can be divided into the following different steps: Fragmentation breaking apart a strand of DNA Ligation gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence Transfection inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells Screening/Selection selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA. Unicellular Cloning of organisms is performed using a culture technique which involves the use of cloning rings. In this technique: A single-cell suspension of cells that have been exposed to a mutagenic agent or drug used to drive selection is plated at a high dilution to create isolated colonies; each arising from a single and potentially cloned distinct cell. At an early growth stage when colonies consist of only a few of cells, sterile polystyrene rings (cloning rings), which have been dipped in grease are placed over an individual colony and a small amount of trypsin is added. Cloned cells are collected from inside the ring and transferred to a new vessel for further growth. Somatic-Cell Nuclear Transfer is used to create embryos for research and therapeutic purposes. The SCNT process to create embryos for stem cell research is: First, the collection of cells from the organism that will be cloned, the cells can be used immediately or can be stored in the lab for later use. The maternal DNA from an oocyte is removed at metaphase II. The nucleus can then be inserted into an egg cytoplasm. This creates a one-cell embryo. The grouped somatic cell and egg cytoplasm are then introduced to an electrical current. The sexual energy allows the cloned embryo to begin development. The successfully developed embryos are then placed in surrogate recipients. Organism Cloning the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another is achieved by: The transfer of a nucleus from a donor adult cell (somatic cell) to an egg that has no nucleus. When the egg begins to divide normally it is transferred into the uterus of the surrogate mother. An example of the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell is Dolly, a Finn-Dorset ewe. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. Dolly was formed by taking a cell from the udder of her biological mother. Her embryo was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum. The embryo was then placed inside a female sheep that went through normal pregnancy. She lived for 6 years, from 1996-2003. There were early claims that Dolly the Sheep had pathologies resembling accelerated aging, but other researchers, including Ian Wilmut who led the team that successfully cloned Dolly, argue that Dollys early death due to respiratory infection was unrelated to deficiencies with the cloning process. In amphibians the ultimate test of whether the nucleus of a differentiated cell has undergone any irreversible functional restriction is to have that nucleus generate every other type of differentiated cell in the body. If each cells nucleus is identical to the zygote nucleus, then each cells nucleus should be totipotent (capable of directing the entire development of the organism) when transplanted into an activated enucleated egg. Before such an experiment could be done, three techniques for transplanting nuclei into eggs had to be perfected: a method for enucleating host eggs without destroying them; a method for isolating intact donor nuclei; and a method for transferring such nuclei into the host egg without damaging either the nucleus or the oocyte. Plants: The process of cloning a plant is relatively easy compared to that of animals. Simply: Trim a piece of the root from a plant. Supply it with nutrients and plant it in soil. The resulting growth will be identical to the original plant. BENEFITS TO HUMANITY Economically, cultivating existing plants with good yields ensures that farmers will most likely get an identical yield from that new plant, providing similar situations are sustained. Through the process of cloning, the University of Arkansas states that a number of different varieties of foods, such as grapes and oranges without seeds, have been created that consumer prefer over traditional plants. Cloning can save endangered species. On January 8, 2001, scientists at Advanced Cell Technology, Inc., announced the birth of the first clone of an endangered animal, a baby bull gaur (a large wild ox from India and Southeast Asia) named Noah. Noah died of an infection unrelated to the cloning procedure. But this experiment served as prove to show that they can bring back endangered species. Research Cloning or Therapeutic Cloning can harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases such as Diabetes and Alzheimers. In the case of the Alzheimers disease, the nucleus from a skin cell of the patient is placed into an empty egg. The reprogrammed cell begins to develop into an embryo because the egg reacts with the transferred nucleus. The embryo will become genetically identical to the patient. The embryo will then form a blastocyst which has the potential to become any cell in the body. Other Potential Medical Benefits of cloning include: the possibility that we will learn to renew activity of damaged cells by growing new cells and replacing them, the creation of humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other, cloning allows the study of cell differentiation, and cloning also gives sterile couples the ability to have offspring that will have either the mothers or fathers genetic pattern. DISADVANTAGES OF CLONING In a large percentage of cases, the cloning process fails in the course of pregnancy or some sort of birth defects occur, for example, as in a recent case, a calf born with two faces. Sometimes the defects manifest themselves later and kill the clone. This long lasting process before the success of cloning can lead to the extinction of little remains of DNA from extinct species if it is used with no successive results. Changes in genomes may not only result in changes in appearance, but in psychological and personality changes as well. In plants; cloning limits diversity which makes the plants more susceptible to diseases and pests. Possible potential harms and disadvantages are: the possibility of compromising individualities, the loss of genetic variation, technology is not well developed; it has low fertility rate; in cloning Dolly, 277 eggs were used, 30 started to divide, nine induced pregnancy, and only one survived. ETHICAL ISSUES Although most scientists consider the process of animal cloning as a major breakthrough and see many beneficial possibilities in it, many people are uncomfortable with the idea, they say it is against nature and it is ethically damning, particularly in the instance of cloning human beings. One of the main goals of the government is to protect human life. Some people want the government to regulate cloning and not allow it. Producing clones for research or to use their parts is unethical. It would be against the code of ethics of a doctor to harm a clone (i.e., use it for an organ transplant). The clone would be a human being and deserve all the rights and privileges that a non-cloned human has.   A clone should not be a second-class citizen. It is speculated that clones would be considered as such. The American Medical Association holds four points of reason why cloning should not take place. They are: there are unknown physical harms introduced by cloning, unknown psychosocial harms introduced by cloning, including violations of autonomy and privacy, impacts on familial and societal relations, and potential effects on the human gene pool. Serious ethical concerns arise by the future possibility of only harvesting organs from clones. Some people have considered the idea of growing organs separately from a human organism in doing this; a new organ supply could be established without the moral implications of harvesting them from humans. Research is also being done on the idea of growing organs that are biologically acceptable to the human body inside of other organisms, such as pigs or cows, then transplanting them to humans, a form of Xeno-transplantation. From a Latter-day Saint point of view, the Proclamation on the Family clearly does not agree with cloning. The Proclamation states: We . . . declare that God has commanded that the sacred powers of procreation are to be employed only between man and woman, lawfully wedded as husband and wife. We declare the means by which mortal life is created to be divinely appointed. We affirm the sanctity of life and of its importance in Gods plan. In other words, the power to create humans is only to be used in a marriage between husband and wife. Cloning only involves one parent, therefore it is not following Gods plan in which a mans sperm and a womans egg are needed to create life. CONCLUSION Cloning is the process of creating a copy of a biological entity. In genetics, cloning refers to the process of making an identical copy of the DNA of an organism. Cloning is an established process today, which holds the promise of repopulating endangered and even extinct animals. Cloning can revolutionize the world and the way we live. Animal cloning has been one of the greatest frontiers scientists have conquered. However, there are various ethical and scientific issues related to cloning that have been debated. Foods from healthy cloned animals are deemed safe to eat. In recent years, there has been a shoot of new laws banning or regulating cloning around the world. In some countries, animal cloning is allowed, but not human cloning. Some advocacy groups are seeking to ban therapeutic cloning, even if this could potentially save people from many debilitating illnesses.

Justice Essay

Discuss and evaluate the view of the concept of Justice in relation to Othello and two supplementary texts. Justice is to live in a society that is fair to everyone, were everyone’s human rights are met and were everyone has equal opportunity to succeed. The concept of justice is portrayed rather unevenly in Othello and does not prevail as the villain, Iago, is still alive while his ‘victims’ are not. Also in my supplementary texts the balance of justice is uneven. One of my supplementary texts ‘Men of Honour’ is a film about a black sailor, Carl Brashear, trying to become a US Navy Diver but his training officer, Billy Sunday, makes it hard for him because of his colour. In the end of Men of Honour justice does prevail as Carl becomes a navy diver. My other supplementary text the ‘I Have a Dream’ speech is about a man, Martin Luther King, telling the world about the injustices against black people in America and how justice should be achieved. My argument is that justice is not achieved in Othello while it is achieved in ‘Men of Honour’ and it is explained in the ‘I have a Dream’ speech. Othello is written by William Shakespeare in England when Prejudice against women and people of different race was acceptable in society. In Othello racial prejudice, gender injustice and Vigilante injustice are very prominent especially towards the end of the play. Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca are treated like second class citizens because of their gender and Othello feels alienated by white society and feels he is always being judged because of his colour. The setting plays a major role in the balance of injustice throughout the play. In the beginning it is set in Venice which seemingly appears democratic and just with Othello being given a fair trial when they discover he has married Desdemona. This is in stark contrast to Cyprus which is the setting for the majority of the play and appears less civilized and lacking any real legal structures. This change of setting changes the behaviour of some of the characters especially Othello, who appears a noble soldier and good husband in Venice, changes when the setting moves to Cyprus and starts to make rash decisions. These changes in Character add to the injustices dealt with by some of the characters. ‘Men of Honour’ is set in America in the 1960s after WWII and during the Vietnam and Cold Wars. This was a time when coloured people were seen as second class citizens and the Navy was also not ready to accept coloured people into jobs of authority. This is represented by â€Å"Two table spoons of machine oil can contaminate a whole ships fresh water supply, some things just don’t mix†. This was the analogy of black people in the military. Even though there was so much prejudice society was aware of the injustices of coloured people and the need for change and there were even laws against segregation in the military but society was still lagging behind the law. The ‘I Have a Dream’ speech was presented in America in 1963 during the Vietnam and Cold Wars. It was presented in front of 200,000 people on the steps of Lincoln Memorial after a march for American Civil rights. It was a time were black people suffered horrific segregation and had little rights and in many southern states white people could commit crimes against them with little chance of repercussions. But it was also a time for social change and people were ready for a change. Racial injustice is where people of different races are not treated equally to the rest of society. In Othello this racial injustice is very prominent and plays a major role in the play. The black army general, Othello, is the man who feels most of the racial injustice in the play. When Iago and Rodrigo are talking privately they talk of Othello very harshly and make reference to his race regularly, â€Å"thick lips†, â€Å"the moor† and â€Å"black ram† are just some of the words they use to describe him This is also a use of animal imagery in â€Å"black ram† which dehumanises Othello. In the play Othello constantly feels like the outsider and having to constantly prove his worth, this is portrayed by â€Å"My parts, my tile and my perfect soul shall manifest me rightly†. This sense of being the outsider because of race is prominent in my two related texts the ‘Men of Honour’ film and the ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. In ‘Men of Honour’ Carl Brashear is a Black Navy man who wishes to become a U. S Navy Diver but because of his colour his trainer, Billy Sunday, makes it nearly impossible for him to become one. His fellow Divers alienate him and insult him in one scene he is spat on and laughed at. â€Å"No offence to the President but I don’t bunk with Niggers†. This shows how he constantly has to prove himself to white society just like Othello and is used to create empathy for Carl. In â€Å"I Have a Dream† the spokes person, Martin Luther King, is trying to persuade the public to judge people on their personality not their race. They will not be judged by the colour of their skin but on the content of their character†. Luther King uses persuasive language to convey the message and have it heard. Likewise Othello feels like he is being judged on his colour and not who he really is â€Å"Speak of me as I am† he uses assertive tone in the verb ‘s peak’ as he is afraid of being judged. Gender injustice is where people are judged on their gender and not treated equally to the other gender and their role in society. In Othello there are many cases of gender injustice and in some cases it is a misunderstanding. Emilia is the woman who is the main victim of gender injustice. Emilia is Iago’s wife and throughout the play she is put down by him and treated like a second class citizen. â€Å"Players your housewifery and housewives in your bed†. This is spoken by Iago and shows his view of women as good for nothing. In ‘Men of Honour’ just like Emilia, Carl is constantly being told that he and his race are good for nothing but cooking in the Navy and will never become a Navy Diver. Bianca, Cassio’s lover, is also a victim and is constantly being called a strumpet and when Cassio is stabbed Iago blames her because no one will believe a woman over a man. Desdemona is another victim of gender injustice as she is not given a fair say by Othello when he suspects her infidelity and kills her. Othello believes that she does not deserve her say and in the end she pays the ultimate price. While Desdemona is pleading with Othello she says â€Å"I never gave him token† but Othello does not give her a chance to explain herself and he judges her without cause. Vigilante Injustice is the act of taking the law into someone’s own hands and acting on something outside the law. In Othello Iago is the main culprit of this as he tries to destroy Othello outside the law. He also tries to convince Rodrigo to help him in his plan of ruining Othello’s life. In ‘Men of Honour’ the commanding officer of the U. S Navy Diving Centre takes the law into his own hands by trying convince Billy Sunday to fail Carl by getting into his head. He says things such as â€Å"Did you know that ordinary house dust is made primarily of human skin, makes you think twice about who you invite into your home†. In Conclusion Othello is not a very just or fair play as throughout the play people are being judged by others because of their gender and race and in the end justice is not achieved. My supplementary texts are also about people being judged and treated unfairly but unlike Othello justice is achieved at the end of my supplementary texts. Othello and my texts also represent the time they were composed, in times when people were judged and treated unfairly because of the colour of their skin or their gender.

PRAN †the Largest Agro Food Processor in Bangladesh Essay

Introduction Agricultural Marketing Company Limited (AMCL) was set up at first in 1981 and then 1985 for farming and marketing of agricultural products for local and export market. Subsequently a modern fruit processing plant with bottling and earning facilities was added in 1993 to produce fruit juice, squash, sherbet, jam, jelly etc. the company processing unit started commercially production in July 1993 and launched its products in the market under the brand name â€Å"PRAN†. PRAN stands for Programme for Rural Advancement Nationally. The brand Pran has established itself in every category of food and beverage industry and can boost a product range from Juices, Carbonated Drinks, Confectionery, Snacks, and Spices to even Dairy products. Pran Group was born keeping in view the corporate mission of the group. Today Pran is the largest processors of fruits & vegetables in Bangladesh. Pran is the pioneer in Bangladesh to be involved in contract farming. They encourage contract farmers and help them grow quality crops with increased yields and to obtain fair prices. They procure raw material directly from the farmers and processes through the machineries at their several factories into hygienically packed food and drinks products. The Group comprises of 10 companies. The head offices are located at Dhaka with production facilities around the country. Their management is modern adapted to the environment & culture and Pran’s largest asset is their competent team of hands-on-mangers & dedicated employees. Pran is listed with the Dhaka and Chitttgong stock exchanges in 1996. Pran agriculture marketing company limited has controlled the nine individual Business Units on their umbrella. Agro Industrial Park Bangladesh’s first-ever agro-industrial zone, Pran Agro Industrial Park, was inaugurated in Natore. The park is comprised of automatic rice mill, spice, peanut, honey, tomato, pickle, jam and jelly processing units, fruit pulping units, pulses mill, puffed rice mill, cattle feed mill, plastic molding and milk collection units to produce wide range of products, which is using for  export. Plant in India: Now Pran is going for FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in India by building its first foreign factory in India, taking advantage of the country’s recent decision to lift its ban on Bangladeshi investment. The plant will be built in the north-eastern Indian state of Tripura. It will initially produce jelly and drinks and is expected to come into operation by 2009 with an annual turnover of around Tk100 crore. It will supply the markets of northeast India -Assam, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh -known as ‘Seven Sisters’, said a senior official of Pran Exports Ltd. The plant will initially produce jelly and drinks, which have already won popularity in those areas, said Paramuddin Hossain, senior manager of Export of Pran Group. Related and Supporting Industries Pran Food Limited produce different types of food products which require many other related and supporting products in their different stages of production and distribution. I.Mango and Other Fruits Industry: Pran’s mango juice is their most selling item and most of their earnings are earned by selling mango juice. So they need a large amount of mango as a raw material in mango juice production. They also need mango in producing Jam, Pickles and Mango Bar. Besides Mango they also need many other fruits like Orange, Pineapple, Apple, Litchi, Lemon and many other fruits to produce Juice, Jam, Fruit Bar and Pickles. At present they supply mango and other fruits from their own garden as well as import from other countries like India and Bhutan. But the importing amount is more than the amount of supply from their own garden. II.Sugar Industry: Sugar is an inevitable raw material for production process in Pran Food  Limited. They need sugar in juice production to candy production. They use our home countries sugar because they do not import sugar for high tariff rate. So sugar industry is a related and supporting industry for Pran Food Limited. There are many local sugar industries that depend on Pran. III.Dairy Firm: Pran has the country’s largest milk producing centre. Pran’s own dairy firm supplies milk to produce Ghee, Milk candy, Mango Milk, Chocolate Milk, and in many other production process. If supply from their own dairy firm can not satisfy the need of raw materials in future other dairy firms can give them the supply. IV.Wheat Industry: Pran needs a bulk amount of wheat to produce snacks, like Crackers & Chips, Bakery Items, Biscuit, Chanachur, Dal etc. They import wheat from other countries for their production process. V.Packaging Industry: To distribute all products Pran needs quality and colorful packaging. At present they are importing all packaging materials excluded the glass bottle from China and Korea. And they use local glass bottle to distribute juice and pickles. Organizational Structure of Pran The Pran agriculture marketing company limited constructed their organizational structure in standard way which could efficient for their production and job. The structure is given below: Marketing Strategy of Pran To achieve its marketing objectives Pran uses the customer centered orientation program to gain large bulk of customers. First  of all they set Segmentation Targeting Positioning (STP) for their products. I.Market Segmentation: Pran segment their market to divide the market into distinct groups of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics, or behavior and who require separate products or marketing mixes. For example: they segment their mango juice to think about the people of different age and who have different taste. Like Pran Mango Juice-Classic for generalized group, Pran Mango Juice-Premium for the group who want thick mango juice, Pran Joy Juice for the young generation and Pran Junior Juice for the children. II.Target Market: Pran target the middle class people who wants verified taste of foods. As consumer percentage is high in this group they think that this target market is highly profitable for them. So, they don’t go for high priced product rather than they try to serve low price but competitive quality of product. That is why their main object is to serve quality product at a lower price and they do a lot of promotional activities for being the best in the competitive market. III.Market Positioning: Pran positioning their products in their customers mind by offering special features and benefits. To occupy a clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of their target market Pran tries to position their each and every product. For example; Pran tries to position the Mango Bar as a taste of the happiness of their childhood, in the mind of every consumer. IV.Marketing Mix of Pran: Pran has a set of controllable tactical marketing tools –product, price, place and promotion, which they blend to produce the response wanted by their target market. a)Product: Products act as customer solution for their demand. Pran has an extensive line of product which can easily satisfy the need for any food demand of the consumers. Consumers are getting all sorts of food products they need to consume from Pran. b)Price: Bangladesh has a huge shortage of fruit, vegetable, raw materials. So Pran make up this shortfall by importing from the neighboring and different countries like India, Bhutan, and China etc. But, for that, Pran needs a relaxed tariff structure to keep their products competitive. So, Pran follows competitive pricing strategy to compete in the market. But they also take care of the limitation of their customer. So they always try to keep the price low to compete in the market and to make their product’s price affordable for their consumers. c)Place: Pran has an extensive sales network throughout the country to reach their product to everyone. Their products are available even to the remote part of the country. Company appointed sales force to cover every part of the country. d)Promotion: Pran communicates with their consumers by various means of promotion. To maintain a good public relation they take intensive sales promotion. To promote Pran’s product to their customers, they are conducting some promotional activities. These include: Advertisement in print media such as news paper, magazine Advertisement in visual media with opinion leaders Free campaign Sponsoring in different cultural occasions V.Countrywide Sales and Distribution Network: Pran maintains the following distribution network Pran sales force comprises 137 Executives. Number of Sales Representatives is 1510. They are performing the responsibility of Selling to retailers all over Bangladesh through Distributors. At this moment company appointed total Distributors are 720. Mode of Transportation Pran use transportation in the following activities: I.To Import Raw Materials: To import the raw materials Pran use Freight on Board (FOB) and C&F both transportation system. On FOB the supplying company takes the responsibility to import raw materials up to Chittagong port and on C&F the supplying company imports the raw materials up to the factory. But Pran use the C&F system more than FOB system. II.To Export Processed Foods: Pran Food Limited uses the shipping system to export processed food to many other countries. To avoid the high transportation cost, they use shipping system instead of air. III.To Distribute In The Local Market: To avoid high freight Pran use their own distribution channel to distribute their products inside Bangladesh. They also take help of the local transportation agencies to distribute their products on payment. The names of some local transportation agencies that they use more frequently are given below: Haji Mostafa Transport Ananda Paribahan Shamim Transport Multi Star Transport Ltd. N. Mohammad Transport Packaging Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging is very important part for the marketers because by looking at the packaging of product, consumers take the decision of buying a particular product. That is why Pran does colorful packaging which attracts customers a lot. Pran gives a lot of efforts in packaging. They are in a good position in doing  packaging compare to other companies in Bangladesh. Pran export their product in the international market, so comparing with the international market their process of packaging is not in a good pos ition at all. Pran is doing their best to compete with the international standard of packaging. For doing packaging they use foreign technologies to compete with the world market. They import package mostly from Thailand. Then they prefer China. They import different packing materials like- Aluminum Foil, Crown Cork, Flexible Packing material, Glass Bottle, Glass Jars, HDPE, Lug Cap (30, 53 & 63mm), PET, Shrink Labels, Shrink caps, Tin Can, U-Straw. Pran is doing packaging because of following reasons: i.Self-Service: Products should be packaging in such a process which is convenience for the consumers. Pran package their products in such a way that it is very convenience for the consumers to take products from one place to another. Pran do standardizing and grading their products according to different weight of their product. ii.Consumer Affluence: Pran always try to have bit more profit from customers. So Pran emphasize on appearance, dependability, and prestige of better package for having consumer affluence. iii.Company and Brand Image: Packages contribute to instant recognition of the company and brand. Pran packages their product in such a way that it’s become very easy for the customers to recognize their product. When Pran package their product, they emphasize a lot in few factors like- I.Physical Protection: Physical means the physical product. They emphasize whether products are secure after packaging or not. II.Barrier Protection: There are some problems that create product unhygienic, dust is one of them. To hygienic the product, Pran does their packaging very carefully. They concentrate on whether the packaging is protecting the products from different barrier or not. Pran use new types of technology for protecting these types of problem. III.Information Transmission: In packaging, Pran gives a lot of information about how to use products and what chemicals are their in the product. By doing these they do the work of information transmission which help a lot to the customers. IV.Security: There is possibility of damaging goods when products are going for shipment. Some time because of some defect in the packaging, products can not reach in there destination. For that reason companies loss their profit as well as their goodwill. That is why Pran emphasize a lot on security in packaging to prevent from these problems. Way of Packaging: The way that Pran packages their products can be shown in the following tables- Local Demand Condition Pran is the Bangladesh’s largest selling processed food company. The local demand for Pran’s product has increased day by day. The marketing officials explained that their current production volume even failed to satisfy the local demand condition in last year. The local demand condition of Pran’s product can easily determined by their sales volume. Here we examine Pran’s sales volume for last five years which shows that the local demand condition of their products has increased drastically. In 2004 the sales volume was worth of 50 crore taka which increased to 250 crore taka in 2008. That means the sales amount has increased by 40% in last five years. Foreign Demand Condition Like local demand condition Pran has a vast demand to the foreign market. They started to export from 2001 and from then on their foreign demand condition has just increasing and increasing. The foreign demand condition of Pran can be easily drawn by their exporting volume of last 8 years. We can see from the graph that at the beginning the only export worth 12 crore which increased by 16.67% in next year (2002). They had a slow increase in export up to 2005. Till then they had average increase of 17% each year in export. But they had a drastic change in export  from 2006 when their exporting volume rises by 55.55% from the previous year. They had exporting volume of 56 crore taka in 2006 and 80 crore in 2007. In last year they export worth 120 crore which break the all past record of increase in export. Market Access Issues Pran, Bangladesh’s largest agro process company produces and export different kinds of food products. Now they have access to many countries and have potential to export many other countries.